On the night of November 27, 2022, Mauna Loa – one of a chain of five volcanoes that form Hawaii’s big island – started to erupt for the first time in nearly four decades.

Considered the world’s most renowned and largest active volcano, Hawaii residents remain on high alert and have taken numerous precautionary measures. In fact, Hawaii’s County Major Mitch Roth immediately issued a state of emergency on Monday morning after the initial eruption, began to prepare for possible community evacuations, and opened several safety shelters.

Why are so many people alarmed?

Although Mauna Loa usually does not produce explosive eruptions that cause full physical destruction on landscapes, locals are still at significant risk of the serious damage inflicted by the emission of Mauna Loa’s toxic gases.

Hawaii’s health department specifically pointed out the threats of “voggy conditions” and “Pele’s hair.” Vog refers to the smog emitted from volcanoes, which produce prominent levels of sulfur dioxide. “Pele’s hair” – named after the Hawaiian goddess of volcanoes – is a term that is equivalent to long and sharp pieces of glass particles. With both of these threats combined, they could irritate the eyes and cause numerous breathing problems.

As a result, local residents are advised to avoid going outside and stay indoors with all doors and windows shut as the air quality is anticipated to continue its decline.